Archive | November 2010
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1.3 The history and development of public health in developing countries
1.3 The history and development of public health in developing countries Than Sein and Uton Muchtar Rafei Introduction Early public health Empirical public health Colonial public health Foundation of international public health Implementation of the International Health Institution Science-oriented public health Development of basic health services Disease prevention and control campaigns Public health successes Gaps […]
Chapter 22 – Management of LASIK Complications
Chapter 22 – Management of LASIK Complications SAMIR G. FARAH DIMITRI T. AZAR DEFINITION • The management of LASIK complications involves an appreciation of specific pathogenetic mechanisms, knowledge of appropriate interventional measures, and careful observation of surgical outcomes. KEY FEATURES • Serious microkeratome-related complications often require repositioning of the flap and postponing laser ablation. • […]
Chapter 21 – LASIK Complications
Chapter 21 – LASIK Complications VOLKAN DAYANIR DIMITRI T. AZAR DEFINITION • Despite the overwhelming success of LASIK, complications of LASIK may result in poor visual outcomes. KEY FEATURES • Preoperative complications may result from excessive anesthetics, conjunctival chemosis, or improper draping of the eyelashes. • Intraoperative complications include poor suction, free cap, incomplete flap, […]
Chapter 20 – LASIK: Indications and Techniques
Chapter 20 – LASIK: Indications and Techniques JOHN F. DOANE STEPHEN G. SLADE DEFINITION • LASIK stands for laser in situ keratomileusis, in which an anterior flap of cornea is lifted with a keratome and an excimer laser is used to sculpt the stromal bed to change the refractive error of the eye. KEY FEATURES […]
Chapter 19 – Automated and Manual Lamellar Surgical Procedures and Epikeratoplasty
Chapter 19 – Automated and Manual Lamellar Surgical Procedures and Epikeratoplasty SHU-WEN CHANG DIMITRI T. AZAR DEFINITION • Lamellar refractive surgery comprises various surgical procedures that entail lamellar dissection of the cornea and reshaping the corneal stroma to correct refractive errors of the eye. KEY FEATURES • Usually employed to correct high myopia or hyperopia. […]
Chapter 18 – Excimer Laser Photorefractive Keratectomy (PRK)
Chapter 18 – Excimer Laser Photorefractive Keratectomy (PRK) WILLIAM J. LAHNERS DAVID R. HARDTEN DEFINITION • Photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) is a procedure in which the cornea is reshaped using an excimer laser. The procedure is designed to reduce the patient’s dependence on glasses or contact lenses. The excimer laser has revolutionized the field of refractive […]
Chapter 17 – Radial and Astigmatic Keratotomy
Chapter 17 – Radial and Astigmatic Keratotomy KERRY K. ASSIL MARK A. ROTHSTEIN HISTORICAL REVIEW Incisional Keratotomy The Dutch ophthalmologist Snellen[1] (1834–1908) proposed, in his 1869 thesis on the surgical correction of astigmatism, that incisions within the steep corneal meridian might affect astigmatic magnitude. In 1885, Schiøtz,[2] a Norwegian ophthalmologist, confirmed Snellen’s hypothesis when he […]
